What is a Smart Motorway?
Smart motorways use technology to manage traffic flow and reduce congestion, often without adding extra lanes. Key features include variable speed limits, overhead signs, and the use of the hard shoulder as a live lane when needed. Drivers should always follow the signs, stay within speed limits, and never use a closed lane marked with a red “X.” If you break down, aim for an emergency refuge area and call for help immediately. Staying alert and informed is the key to driving safely on smart motorways.
Smart motorways are specially designed sections of motorways in the UK that use technology to actively manage traffic. Their aim is to reduce congestion, improve traffic flow, and make better use of road space without the need to widen the roads.
These motorways use features like variable speed limits, overhead gantries, traffic sensors, and lane control signs. Some smart motorways also operate all-lane running, where the hard shoulder is converted into an active driving lane during busy times or permanently.
Smart motorways were first introduced in 2006 on the M42 in the West Midlands. The system proved so effective at reducing journey times and improving traffic flow that it paved the way for wider use across the UK.
Step-by-Step Guide: Using a Smart Motorway Safely
1. Watch for Overhead Signs
These provide vital information such as speed limits, lane closures, and warnings. Always follow the displayed instructions — they’re updated in real time to reflect traffic conditions.
2. Understand Lane Markings
A red X above a lane means it’s closed — do not drive in it.
If all lanes are open, including the former hard shoulder, it will be marked as a normal lane with a speed limit.
3. Use the Hard Shoulder Only If Permitted
On some smart motorways, the hard shoulder becomes a live lane during peak times. Only drive in it if the overhead signs show it is open. Otherwise, it should remain clear for emergencies.
4. Obey Variable Speed Limits
These help keep traffic moving steadily and reduce stop-start driving. Speed cameras enforce these limits, so stick to them.
5. Know What to Do in an Emergency
If you break down, aim for an Emergency Refuge Area (ERA), located every 1.5 miles or so. If that’s not possible, pull over to the far left and stay in your vehicle with hazard lights on. Call 999 if you’re in danger.
6. Stay Alert and Plan Ahead
Smart motorways rely on drivers paying attention. Always be aware of changing conditions and prepare for sudden speed changes or lane closures.
Smart Tip:
Many navigation apps and car GPS systems now include smart motorway alerts and speed limit updates. Keep your app updated to stay informed on the move.
Find out more information on Smart Motorways at the National Highways website – Driving on motorways – National Highways
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